Chapter  14: Ethnicity , Race and Gender Issues  

INEQUITY RESEARCH

The CDC Health Disparities and Inequalities Report – United States, 2013, published in CDC’s Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), is the second consolidated assessment that highlights health disparities and inequalities across a wide range of diseases, behavioral risk factors, environmental exposures, social determinants, and health-care access by sex, race and ethnicity, income, education, disability status and other social characteristics. It provides new data for 19 of the topics published in 2011 and presents 10 new topics. 

FUTURE GOAL:  Objectives and Data - Healthy People 2030 | health.gov

Healthy People 2030 objectives were carefully chosen based on national data. Learn more about Healthy People data and objectives.    https://health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data

CURRENT SITUATION:   CDC Health Disparities & Inequalities Report (CHDIR) - Minority Health – 2013 CDC   Office of Health Equity (OHE) aims to accelerate CDC’s health impact in the U.S population and to eliminate health disparities for vulnerable populations as defined by race/ethnicity, socio-economic status, geography, gender, age, disability status, risk status related to sex and gender, and among other populations identified to be at-risk for health disparities.

CURRENT SITUATION:   WHO Current Inequity Monitor

Links shared by Dr. Dave Choski:

https://www.healthaffairs.org/do/10.1377/forefront.20200625.389260

https://www.nyc.gov/site/doh/about/press/pr2021/board-of-health-declares-racism-public-health-crisis.page

https://www1.nyc.gov/assets/doh/downloads/pdf/about/coh-resolution-remarks.pdf

https://www1.nyc.gov/assets/doh/downloads/pdf/covid/black-hospitalizations-omicron-wave.pdf

https://www.politico.com/news/agenda/2022/04/04/public-health-equity-addressing-systemic-racism-00022498

Inequality and the health-care system in the USA

Samuel L Dickman  ¹ , David U Himmelstein  ² , Steffie Woolhandler  ³   

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28402825/

The State of Health Disparities in the United States

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › books › NBK425844   by A Baciu · 2017 ·

Racism, Inequality, and Health Care for African Americans  

By Jamila Taylor December 19, 2019  https://tcf.org/content/report/racism-inequality-health-care-african-americans/

Inequality and the health-care system in the USA  by SL Dickman · 2017  The Lancet

https://www.thelancet.com › lancet › article › fulltext

Achieving Racial and Ethnic Equity in U.S. Health Care

A Scorecard of State Performance  November 2021 https://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/scorecard/2021/nov/achieving-racial-ethnic-equity-us-health-care-state-performance

US health care can’t afford health inequities

Inequities in the US health system cost approximately $320 billion today and could eclipse $1 trillion in annual spending by 2040 if left unaddressed.  https://www2.deloitte.com/us/en/insights/industry/health-care/economic-cost-of-health-disparities.html

Health Inequity in the United States | Penn LDI   by JJ Escarce · 2019      https://ldi.upenn.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Penn-LDI-Health-Inequity-in-the-United-States-Report_5.pdf

PHILOSOPHICAL  ETHICAL ARTICLES

The Moral Problem of Health Disparities   by Cynthia M. Jones https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2837423/

The ethics and politics of addressing health inequalities  Stephen H Bradley, clinical research fellowA https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8002784/

The Moral Problem of Health Disparities   by Cynthia M. Jones   https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2837423/

The Ethics of Health Disparities  Larry Polivka, Ph.D.  2015  https://claudepeppercenter.fsu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Generations-Article-The-Ethics-of-Health-Disparities-9-2014.pdf

“The health equity curse”: ethical tensions in promoting health equity by  Bernie Pauly, Tina Revai, Lenora Marcellus, Wanda Martin, Kathy Easton & Marjorie MacDonald  https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-021-11594-y

AMA CODE OF ETHICS Disparities in Health Care 

https://code-medical-ethics.ama-assn.org/ethics-opinions/disparities-health-care

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