|
On Plagiarism and Cheating and Academic Integrity Compiled by Dr. Philip A. Pecorino |
| Professor, Philosophy , Social Sciences Dept , Queensborough Community College, CUNY |
PLAGIARISM in the age of AI With the advances in artificial intelligence (AI) and the availability of a variety of AI tools or applications that facilitate authorship by AI of text there is now a form of plagiarism (using the work of another and claiming it as your own) whereby an AI creates the text or does the work and some human claims it as the work of that human alone. In light of this new situation this section is added as preface to what came before AI arrived and was made so available. As instructors consider revising written assignments going forward and the need to discourage use of AI forms of assistance and detect them when used they need to know that some AI detectors can be defeated. The task as posed to Chat GPT provided this result to one attempt: ATTEMPT 1: ChatGPT Q: How best to construct essay assignments to discourage use of AI by students? AI REPLY: One way to construct essay assignments to discourage the use of AI by students is to assign topics that require the use of critical thinking, analysis, and synthesis of information, rather than simply recalling facts. Additionally, incorporating open-ended questions that require students to form their own arguments and perspectives can make it more difficult for AI to generate a relevant response. Another approach can be to have students work on group projects where participation and contribution can be easily monitored. Additionally, having students submit a rough draft, a final draft and then also conduct plagiarism checks using software tools can also discourage the use of AI generated essays. Q: What if students were to submit the results of an AI check of their own assignment to be submitted as part of the assignment? AI REPLY: If students were to submit the results of an AI check of their own assignment as part of the assignment, it could potentially serve as a way to demonstrate that their work is original and not generated by AI. However, it would be important for the instructor to verify the authenticity of the results, as it is possible for students to use AI to generate essays and then use a different AI tool to check for plagiarism and provide a false "clean" report. Additionally, it would be important to keep in mind that the AI check is not a foolproof way to ensure originality, as AI models can be trained on specific datasets and may not be able to detect plagiarism from sources outside of the dataset. It is always recommended to use multiple plagiarism checking tools and also check for originality of ideas and concepts. ATTEMPT 2 in same line of “conversation”: ChatGPT Q: How best to construct essay assignments to discourage use of AI by students or make then readily detectable? AI REPLY: There are several ways to construct essay assignments to discourage the use of AI by students or make them more readily detectable: • Assign topics that require critical thinking, analysis, and synthesis of information, rather than simply recalling facts. This makes it more difficult for AI to generate a relevant response. • Incorporate open-ended questions that require students to form their own arguments and perspectives. • Use plagiarism detection software to check for similarities between student submissions and existing sources. • Have students submit a rough draft, a final draft, and then conduct plagiarism checks using software tools. • Have students submit the results of an AI check of their own assignment as part of the assignment, but verify the authenticity of the results. • Use multiple plagiarism checking tools and also check for originality of ideas and concepts. • Incorporate peer-review or self-review process where students are required to evaluate the work of their peers or themselves and report any plagiarism or AI generated content. • Assign group projects where participation and contribution can be easily monitored and evaluated. It's important to note that no single method is foolproof, so a combination of these techniques may be more effective in detecting AI-generated essays and discouraging their use. Here are AI Generators: Using AI to alter Text to evade detection There are several steps a person might use to evade having their text detected as AI generate. Here is one example: 1. Step 1: Create text with AI such as with ChatGPT https://chat.openai.com/chat Ste Step 2: Rewrite with AI generator with instructions to use synonyms . Step 3: Paraphrase entire work using another AI: e.g., free-artcile-spinner.com https://free-article-spinner.com/’ S Step 4: Paraphrase again Rewrite using wordtune.com https://www.wordtune.com/ AI Detectors: ZERO GPT one of the best available at start of 2023 being updated regularly. Originality.ai Costs minimum of $20 to start and then with monthly fee AI Content Detector - Detect ChatGPT PlagiarismTURNITIN : The plagiarism detection service Turnitin said it would incorporate more features for identifying A.I., including ChatGPT, later in 2023. ================================================== Basic Information on Plagiarism on This Instructional Site: What Is Plagiarism? (History News Network site) The Ultimate Plagiarism Guide: How to Detect and Prevent It Best MASTER SITE by Sharon Stoerger MLS, MBA Student Guide to Understanding Writing and Avoiding Plagiarism in the Classroom and Online Best Student Guide for Avoiding Plagiarism: All about Plagiarism by Affordable Colleges Online: Copyright & Plagiarism 101
Copyright Law In 2019 Explained In One Page Citation Generator Site to assist students in providing proper citations for work they use. It offers several different styles to use. Citation Machine's Plagiarism Checker enables students to proactively spot errors and learn from their own writing. It helps them become engaged, ethical researchers and writers. EasyBib Grammar & Plagiarism: provider of online citing and writing tools Maryville University Online plagiarism guide "College Guide to Preventing Plagiarism", information and resources for college and high school students on identifying and preventing all forms of plagiarism, definitions and examples, an overview on the consequences of plagiarism, and a collection of recommended tools for preventing plagiarism. Purdue Global
provides
Plagiarism Information
and an article titled “Plagiarism
and Paraphrasing” which provides
information on how to provide proper citations and credibility in
academic writing. Also included are references to
citation sources and guidelines that
students can follow to avoid plagiarism in their writing |
I. Plagiarism Facilitation Sites Digital Plagiarism and other forms of Cheating : It Is Easier Than Ever Some examples of sites with prepared or custom papers for sale or use: CAUTION: Open these sites in a new window!!
Simple "Tips and Tricks" Web Sites The Blur of Insanity Cheating Tricks In-Class Exercise Check out this page for detailed descriptions of how students cheat ====================================== Selected Anti-Plagiarism Sites Rather simple ways to detect plagiarized papers using google or other search engines: Copyleaks is an Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning powered Plagiarism detection platform able to detect plagiarism, paraphrased content, and similar and non-verbatim text using sophisticated algorithms in 100+ languages. Grammar Checker Plagiarism Checker Findsame scans the Web for matching sentences or whole documents, instead of just keywords HowOriginal.com A free service that checks a 1K chunk of text against Internet resources for plagiarism. Written samples are not added to their database. JPlag
Library Electronic Databases Moss
Plagiarism.org
Plagiarized.com
PaperBin.com
PlagiServe
The Plagiarism Resource Site
WordCHECK
This service takes a digital fingerprint of the student's paper, then scans the Internet and the group's own database looking for matches, highlighting passages that match and providing links to the online source. Turnitin.com, a popular service, offers a simple method that allows both teachers and students to submit papers to electronic scrutiny. The service compares the paper against millions of Web sites, a database of previous submissions and papers offered by the so-called term-paper mills. Turnitin.com then sends a report with the results to the teacher. High schools using this service pay around $1,000 a year for an unlimited number of submissions. Colleges pay roughly $2,000. Dr. John M. Barrie, a founder of Turnitin.com, estimated that of all the work submitted to the site, nearly one-third is copied in whole or in part from another source. The service itself offers cautions when considering it as an anti plagiarism device. There have been critical examinations of the effectiveness of this service such as with Dr. Susan Schorn “Replicated Text Detection: Test of Turnitin.” ================================================== Thoughts well worth considering from George Otte, CUNY Along with all new technologies there are positive and negative effects. The world wide web is not an exception to this. Does the Internet make it easier for students to plagiarize? Unfortunately, the answer is yes....
This is a point
well-taken. What too few students -- and, frankly, too few faculty -- realize
is how much easier the Internet makes the catching of e-plagiarists. Anything
found on the Web can be found again, and very easily. The key is effective use
of search engines. For those who want a basic introduction, searchengines.com
--
http://www.searchengines.com/ -- offers a good introduction to the
ever-proliferating variety. Especially useful means of tracking down
plagiarized material are full-text search engines like AltaVista (http://www.altavista.com/)
and ones with obsessively refreshed and updated indexes like that of
TrueSearch.com (http://www.truesearch.com/).
The trick, especially for full-text searches, is to drop in a string of words
-- less than a sentence but enough to be a distinctive (maybe even unique)
combination. Software to detect plagiarism: This prP.DGNU General Public License information – Wcopyfind is free software, but is covered by a license that places certain restrictions on its use, modification, and distribution.
====================================================
Commercial
Anti-Plagiarism Services: Do they Work?
Search Engines & Plagiarism:
Some
Links: http://www.copernic.com/download/ http://www.softwaresecure.com http://www.hyperfolio.com *************************************************************************************************************************** III. Avoiding or Reducing or Mitigating Against Plagiarism Student Guides for Avoiding Plagiarism: 1. Plagiarism: Avoid the Consequences Center for Online Education 2. How to Prevent Unintentional Plagiarism (And What Happens If You Don’t). 3. Student's Guide to Plagiarism Marcaria.com Network Guides for Referencing and Avoiding Plagiarism A Guide by Perlego on referencing and citations guide for APA and Harvard formats with examples of how to cite various works in each format. A guide by IvyPanda How to Research: Ultimate Guide [+Online Tools] offering an explanation regarding writing a quality research paper that covers the main stages of a research process, the information on determining and citing sources, and online tools for researchers. Tips for Recognizing and Avoiding The Problem Some Examples: 1. Anti-Plagiarism Strategies for Research Papers http://www.vanguard.edu/rharris/antiplag.htm 2. Plagiarized.com http://www.plagiarized.com/ 4. Cut-And-Paste Plagiarism http://alexia.lis.uiuc.edu/~janicke/plagiary.htm 5. How to Detect and Combat Plagiarism http://library.shastacollege.edu/detectcombat.html 6 student plagiarism guide http://wiht.link/studentplagiarismguide 7.The New Plagiarism:Seven Antidotes to Prevent Highway Robbery in an Electronic Age by Jamie McKenzie http://www.fno.org/may98/cov98may.html
8. Student
Plagiarism in an Online World
9. How Teachers
Can Reduce Cheating's Lure Anti-Plagiarism Resources: Combating Cheating and Plagiarism Anti-Plagiarism Strategies This article discusses strategies for preventing student plagiarism and detecting its occurrence. www.virtualsalt.com/antiplag.htm Plagiarism.org Online service for preventing plagiarism, deterring scholarly dishonesty and cheating, and raising academic ethics. Detects plagiarized papers by comparing www.plagiarism.org PlagiariPlagiarism in Colleges in USA: http://www.rbs2.com/plag.htm SCenteSample Honor Codes http://www.academicintegrity.org/samp_honor_codes.asp Plagiari Plagiarism Policy at the University of Michigan English Department: http://www.lsa.umich.edu/english/undergraduate/plag.htm The Plagiarism Handbook: www.antiplagiarism.com
Avoiding Plagiarism Carnegie Mellon University- Discussion and Guide http://www.studentaffairs.cmu.edu/acad_integ/acad_int.html Plagiarism and the Web (Western Illinois U site) http://www.wiu.edu/users/mfbhl/wiu/plagiarism.htm Evaluating What You Find in the Library and on the Internet (MIT again) http://libraries.mit.edu/guides/courses/fall2001/21f.222/evaluate.html informED site on Plagiarism http://www.opencolleges.edu.au/informed/teacher-resources/plagiarism/ Avoid Plagiarism Chegg Writing enables students to proactively spot errors and learn from their own writing. It helps them become engaged, ethical researchers, and writers: learn more at: https://www.chegg.com/writing/features/plagiarism-checker/
*************************************************************************************** Plagiarism in Philosophy George MacDonald Ross "Plagiarism in Philosophy: Prevention Better than Cure" http://www.prs-ltsn.ac.uk/plagiarism/gmrphilplag.html January 2004
George
MacDonald Ross "Plagiarism Really Is a Crime: A Counterblast
against Anarchists, Postmodernists (and others)"
http://www.philosophy.leeds.ac.uk/GMR/public/CounterblastRevised.doc
, 2004 A critique
of those who refuse to take plagiarism seriously ******************************************************************************************** On Academic Integrity: Materials from the Center for Ethics at USD http://ethics.acusd.edu/Resources/academicIntegrity/ Academic Integrity and the World Wide Web http://ethics.acusd.edu/presentations/cai2000/index_files/frame.htm
Fundamental Values http://www.academicintegrity.org/fundamental.asp http://www.academicintegrity.org/pdf/FVProject.pdf CEPE2000 Computer Ethics: Philosophical Enquiry Dartmouth College July 14-16, 2000 Lawrence M. Hinman University of San Diego "Academic Integrity and the World Wide Web" Bernard Gert Dartmouth College "Cheating" 10th Annual Meeting Center for Academic Integrity Colorado Springs, Colorado November, 2000 Keynote Address Gen. Malham M. Wakin, USAF, Ret. Research Update Don McCabe & Susan Stearns Ethical Development Elizabeth Kiss & Gary Pavela A Student Fishbowl: A Conversation on Ethical Development Elizabeth Kiss et al. 11th Annual Meeting Center for Academic Integrity, 2001 Keynote Address Elizabeth Kiss
Keynote
Address
Don McCabe An Overview of Research on Academic Integrity
On-line Academic Integrity Codes On-line Honor Codes ******************************************************** V. Detecting and Preventing Cheating in Online Classes Cheating and Plagiarism in Online School: Awareness and Prevention Guide STEPS Student Training and Education in Public Service7 Ways to Assess Students Online and Minimize Cheating by Flower Darby September 24, 2020 What can you do to promote academic integrity in your virtual classroom without joining the ‘arms race’ in cheating-prevention tools? Balancing Academic Integrity during Final Exams with Student Privacy, Access and Equity in Spring 2020 “ from the Baruch College Center for Teaching and Learning April 16, 2020 How Twitter Hooks Up Students With Ghostwriters By Chris QuintanaKeeping Online Testing Honest? Or an Orwellian Overreach? By Shawn Hubler May 10, 2020Big Proctor By Colleen Flaherty May 11, 2020Students Cheat. How Much Does It Matter? by Beckie Supiano October 21, 2020Academic Ethics Why (Some) Professors Are So Worried About Cheating October 29, 2020 From: Beckie Supiano
END NOTE: For a copy of the Program on Academic Integrity at Queensborough Community College contact the compiler of this list : Dr. Philip Pecorino, QCC, CUNY ppecorino@qcc.cuny.edu |
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plagiarism anti-plagiarism strategies against plagiarism
plagiarism anti-plagiarism strategies against plagiarism
plagiarism anti-plagiarism strategies against plagiarism