Biomedical Ethics 

So...how will you be evaluated?

Good question! Here is the answer and in a good bit of detail. First though, you should know that although all of this looks very imposing and somewhat daunting, the course is no harder than its counterpart that occurs in the regular classroom. This course should actually turn out to be quite a bit of fun, if you are interested in thinking about things in new ways. In this online medium all the information is being given to you at the beginning and it may seem to be a bit too much, but once you get a chance to look it over and reflect , you should see that it really is not that dissimilar to the standard classroom.

GRADING REQUIREMENTS:

1. Class Participation & Discussion: 14 modules @ 3 points each= 42%

2. Written Assignments -Questions/Essays: 14 modules @ 3 points each= 42%

3. Case Studies: 16%

BONUS WORK: Final Culminating Survey and Essay: 5%

TOTAL: 105 %

Below you will learn how the grades will be determined and how you can earn the highest possible grade or number of points for each assignment and activity in the course.

Grading Scale for the Final Grade: Here are the cutoffs for course grades:

Total points

Letter Grade

90 – 100

A

87 – 89

B+

83 – 88

B

80 – 82

B-

77 – 79

C+

73 – 76

C

70 – 72

C-

67 – 69

D+

63 –66

D

60 – 62

D-

LESS THAN 60

F
   

 

Attendance: 

BASIC IDEA: Excessive absences (more than 15%) will result in a  F as a final grade.. More than two weeks (week= 7 days) of absences in an online course is excessive absence.  This is true whether the 14 days are continuous or in two separate periods.  In an online course you are present when participating in some manner in the Discussion Board forums. It is not enough merely to log in to the class site. 

No activity in the discussion board for a continuous period of 14 days will result in a final grade of F for excessive absences.

Summer Session:  It takes place in fewer weeks so the time periods are different. If you do not participate in two modules (are absent)  in summer session you will receive a final grade of F.

Since a module lasts less than a week in summer session you need to participate in the discussions of the modules at least two days to permit INTERACTION with classmates.

CHECK ON YOUR GRADE:

By going to the MODULE "GRADES" during the semester and checking the table at the end you will be able to see your latest grades. There will be a document to click on and only I and the named student will be able to see those grades. You will be able to know just how well you are doing at any time by checking that document.

Hints on how to achieve a high grade:

Hints on how to achieve a high grade:

1. Log on at least 3-7 times a week for about 2 hours each time. Post on a MINIMUM of 3 different days each week. This fosters INTERACTION with classmates.  In sumemr sessions posting more often is needed to support interaction in modules that have only 3 or 4 days and not 7 days as in the Fall and Spring.

2. Post a response to each lead discussion item

3. Post your discussion questions for all modules within the first 2 days of the Virtual Seminar

4. Post a Student Led Discussion item. Do a good job of maintaining quality in the discussions you lead.

5. Make high quality contributions to the Discussions.   Criteria for High Quality contributions to the Virtual Seminar Discussions are below.

6. Make sure your written assignments reveal your knowledge of the textbook, participation in the discussions, and understanding of the issues. Use reasoning and evidence to support your positions.  Answer all parts of the assignment..

Your grades

ATTENDANCE:  (1 Point)

You must participate in discussions by posting on the minimum number of days for the semester:

Fall and Spring Semester: 3 days each week

Summer semester with only 31 days in semester: posting every day is required

QUALITY of DISCUSSION PARTICIPATION: (2 Points)

Participate in each of the forums-1 point

Post a Student Led question and moderate the thread – 1 point

WRITTEN ASSIGNMENT: (3 Points)

Student must complete all parts of the assignment

CASE STUDY: (2 Points)

Description of a case related to the topic of the module – 1 point

References (urls) sites discussing the case from a theological, legal or philosophical perspecetive-1 point

Note: Your written assignments posted after the due date will be accepted, but I reserve the right to penalize for late submissions according to how late they are submitted (one letter grade per day). Late submissions to a Discussion are welcome, but are not included in the evaluation of your course activities.

So, here is a quick way to see how you will earn the points that contribute to your final grade:

Criteria for High Quality contributions to the Virtual Seminar discussions.-this is in part based on the work of William Pelz, SUNY-Herkimer CC

Details:

1. The questions you ask in the virtual seminars should be thoughtfully developed and carefully worded. These questions should address issues and/or concepts from the reading that you find particularly important. I will use the following 5 criteria to evaluate your questions:

a. Relevance - your question must be relevant to the material in the unit of study.

b. Importance - your question must address a significant issue in the chapter.

c. Thought provoking - your question must require high-level thought, not a simple "look-up" in the textbook.

d. Originality - you must not ask a question that is essentially the same as a question posed by another student.

e. Timely - Your question must be posted on time so that the other students have an opportunity to respond.

2. Your responses to questions posed by me and by the other students will be evaluated based on the following 6 criteria:

a. Is your answer correct?

b. Is your answer thorough?

c. Is your answer focused - to the point?

d. Is your answer well organized?

e. Is your answer well written?

f. Is your answer original?

Note: What is a low quality response? Responses such as: "I agree." . "Good question" or "Good answer" / Any response which is just your opinion, or is unsubstantiated / any response which is carelessly typed, poorly thought-out, grammatically incorrect or confusing / any response which is disrespectful of another student or any other person, etc. A high quality response contains information from the texts or another valid source, or applies a concept from the text in a meaningful way, or facilitates understanding of the course material. You may and are encouraged to COPY and PASTE material from the readings into your postings in order to

a. support your position

b. illustrate a point

c. remind classmates of the reading

3. You must respond to some or all of the questions posed by me and the other students in each Virtual Seminar(minimum of 4 per module). The more questions you answer (with an acceptable answer), the better your grade will be in this component.

Note that each student you respond to should reply to your response. Also, when students answer questions you submit, you must reply to them. I will be evaluating the quality of your submissions too, not just the quantity.

Everything you need to know about how to succeed in this course!

1. Expect to spend about 12-15 hours per week on this course!

2. I expect you to log-on a minimum of three times per week on different days, and contribute to the discussions each time you log-on. Each time you logon you should participate in the discussions for that week and in any thread you are leading and at least 3 additional discussion threads. If you do not post at least one document, no log-on is recorded, and no credit is given for attendance. For attendance purposes, make sure you post every time you log on to the course.

3. Make sure your written assignments meet the all of the requirements.

4. Very important - post your discussion questions in the Student-led discussion area as soon as possible once the module is open.

5. Do a good job of maintaining quality in the discussions you lead. Lead by example and by command! In other words, use good grammar, not 'Internet Slang'. If other students are not participating in your discussion threads, find out why and do something about it.

6. Make frequent high quality contributions to the Student-led discussions. It is probable that if you are an active participant in the discussions lead by other students, they will actively participate in yours.

Note: Submissions to a Student-led discussion after the module end date are welcome, but they are not included in the evaluation of your course activities.

Details:

1. The questions you ask in the Student-led discussions should be thoughtfully developed and carefully worded. These questions should address issues and/or concepts from the reading that you find particularly important. I will use the following 5 criteria to evaluate your questions:

a. Relevance - your question must be relevant to the material in the unit of study.

b. Importance - your question must address a significant issue in the chapter.

c. Thought-provoking - your question must require high-level thought, not a simple "look-up" in the textbook.

d. Originality - you must not ask a question that is essentially the same as a question posed by another student.

e. Timely - Your question must be posted early in the Module so that the other students have an opportunity to respond and you have time to facilitate a good discussion thread.

2. Your responses to questions posed by me and by the other students will be evaluated, and quality points awarded, based in part on the following 6 criteria:

a. Is your answer correct?

b. Is your answer thorough?

c. Is your answer focused - to the point?

d. Is your answer well-organized?

e. Is your answer well-written?

f. Is your answer original?

Note: Only responses that demonstrate Social Presence, Cognitive Presence, and/or Teaching Presence will be awarded quality points. See below for more information.

-this is in part based on the work of William Pelz, SUNY-Herkimer CC

In this course, each student is responsible for leading at least one discussion thread within in each module-not within each discussion topic. The quality of your discussion thread can be influenced by the feedback you give to the students who post to it. Three things determine the quality of a discussion thread:

1. The quality of the initial discussion question you ask. I have given some specific guidelines above. I will quality points to your question. The better your question is, the more points it will receive. Note: If you do not submit your question on time (that is, within the first 2 days that the module is active) no points will be awarded.

2. The quality of the response posts. Some students will make thoughtful and informative posts to your discussion, and some will give minimal responses. I grade the quality of the posts, and that grade influences your grade in the course. However, you should provide feedback to students too. If a student posts a high-quality response, you should tell them. And, if a student posts a low quality response, you should tell them.

3. The depth of the discussion thread. Discussion "depth" is determined by how many indents there are. If you ask a question, and a student answers, that is a "level 1" discussion. If you reply to the student - now it's a "level 2" discussion. If the student gets back to you - now it's "level 3". If another student joins in and responds to the students last post - now it's "level 4". The more indents - the "deeper" the discussion thread. Of course, if the posts are low quality, depth is meaningless.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON STUDENT LED DISCUSSIONS

What is a low quality post? A low quality does not teach us anything, or contribute anything positive or substantial to the discussion. Examples of low quality responses: any response which is biased, prejudicial, off topic, or is unsubstantiated / any response which is carelessly typed, poorly thought-out, grammatically incorrect or confusing / any response which is disrespectful of another student or any other person, etc.

What is a high quality post? A high quality response teaches us something, or adds something positive and/or substantial to the discussion. It contains information from the textbook or another valid source, or applies a concept from the text or a legitimate website in a meaningful way, or facilitates understanding of the course material. The best posts not only introduce new ideas or knowledge, but help us relate it to what we are studying in the module.

In each of the chapter discussion, I will evaluate the quality of your responses (see the grading criteria below). You will be able to see your scores. Your grade in each module for the discussions will be determined by the total performance in all the discussion forums for that module.

Discussions are the heart and soul of this course. There are areas in each module where you are supposed to lead and/or participate in discussions. For example, in the Student Led Discussions, every student is required to ask one question in at least one discussion forum in the module and then to lead the discussion on that question. The question you ask should require thoughtful responses, and should address important and/or controversial issues introduced in the text. No two questions should be the same issue - so read the other questions before posting your own. The sooner you post your question the better - but you must post within the first two days that the section is open or you will not be awarded any quality points for your question. Additionally, when another student responds to your question, you should respond back to them. Your job is to facilitate the discussion in your discussion thread, so you should probe for additional information and ask additional questions in order to fully explore the topic you have asked about. See the suggestions under "Teaching Presence" below for suggestions on how to facilitate a discussion.

After you post your question, you are required to respond to no fewer than three other student questions. You may respond to as many questions as you want to - but three is the minimum. You are expected to be an active participant in all discussion forums and to lead only one thread within one forum in each module.

The Student Led Discussions are the major learning activities in this course. I will evaluate your participation carefully. You must demonstrate knowledge of the material - not just your opinions. Each contribution you make to any of the discussion threads should add something of value to the discussion.

There are three response categories that I consider valuable (discussed below), and when your response fits into one or more of these categories, I will award points to your submission. At the conclusion of each module, I will grade your discussion performance based on the number of points you have earned. There are no fixed cut-offs for each grade. I will decide the grade requirements for each discussion separately, based on the overall quality of the questions and responses posted by all of the participants. Your best strategy is to submit your question early, and post as many high quality responses as you can in each discussion. Then, if you are not earning discussion grades that are as high as you would like, you will know that you must work harder in future modules. Please note, the number of quality points I award for your discussion questions and responses is not negotiable.

Response Categories [based on Garrison, Anderson, and Archer (2002)]

Not all of your discussion posts will earn points. Only those that fall into one (or more) of the following three categories will be graded:

1. Social Presence is the ability of participants in an online course to project their personal characteristics into the online community of learning - to present themselves as "real people." There are at least three forms of social presence:

· Affective - The expression of emotion, feelings, and mood

· Interactive - Evidence that you are reading, attending, understanding, thinking about other's responses

· Cohesive - Responses that build and sustain a sense of 'belongingness', group commitment, ore common goals and objectives

It is important to establish a community of learning in an online course. One way to facilitate this is to provide social reinforcement to your fellow students. When you agree or disagree with what another student writes, you are providing such feedback. When you respond with an expression of emotion, that can also demonstrate social presence. Responses which provide this type of feedback will receive points, depending on the quality, extent, and frequency they occur. For example, a student who says "I agree" may get a point the first time, but no points subsequently.

-this is in part based on the work of William Pelz, SUNY-Herkimer CC

The 'Criteria' tables below list a few general characteristics of possible discussion submissions. It is the responsibility of the professor to subjectively evaluate each discussion response and award quality points accordingly. Remember: the number of quality points I award to each discussion post is not negotiable. I retain the right to determine the value of each submission.

Points

Social Presence - Criteria
 

The post projects your personal characteristics into the community of learning - presents yourself as a "real person."

· Affective - The expression of emotion, feelings, and mood

· Interactive - Evidence that you are reading, attending, understanding, thinking about other's responses

· Cohesive - Responses that build and sustain a sense of belongingness, group commitment, ore common goals and objectives

 

 

2. Cognitive Presence is the extent to which students are able to construct and confirm meaning through sustained discourse (discussion) in a community of inquiry. Cognitive presence can be demonstrated by introducing factual, conceptual, and theoretical knowledge into the discussion. The value of such a response will depend upon the source, clarity, accuracy and comprehensiveness of the knowledge.

Points

Cognitive Presence - Criteria

0 or ungraded

Unrated response. The post adds no academic value to the discussion. No new information is presented.

Medium

The post contains at least one usable fact or piece of information. However, the fact or information is available from the textbook.

high

The post contains at least one usable fact or piece of information. However, the fact or information is not available from the textbook.

Very high

The post makes a substantial academic contribution. Material is included that is not available just by reading the textbook, and some issue or concept is clarified.

highest

The post contains documented information that contributes greatly to the understanding of some issue under discussion. The new information is explained and applied such that the reader gains new insight into the material being studied.

 

 

3. Teaching Presence is the facilitation and direction of cognitive and social process for the realization of personally meaningful and educationally worthwhile learning outcomes. There are two major ways students can add teaching presence to a discussion:

A. By facilitating the discussion:

1. Identifying areas of agreement and disagreement

2. Seeking to reach consensus / understanding

3. Encouraging, acknowledging and reinforcing student contributions

4. Setting a climate for learning

5. Drawing in participants / prompting discussion

6. Assessing the efficacy of the process

B. By direct instruction

1. Presenting content and questions

2. Focusing the discussion

3. Summarizing the discussion

4. Confirming understanding

5. Diagnosing misperceptions

6. Injecting knowledge from diverse sources

7. Responding to technical concerns

Points

Teaching Presence - Criteria

0 or ungraded

Unrated response. The post adds no teaching presence or other to the discussion.

Medium

The post contains one instance of teaching presence (from the list above).

high

The post contains two instances of teaching presence (from the list above).

Very high

The post contains three instances of teaching presence (from the list above).

highest

The post contains four or more instances of teaching presence (from the list above).

 

One final note (very important!!) about your discussion posts... USE A DESCRIPTIVE 'SUBJECT' - create a subject which describes the issue or point you are trying to make. Examples of unacceptable subjects: "Re" / "Response to Alice" / "Alice" / "I Agree" / "Another idea" / etc. I should be able to tell what you are writing about just by reading the Subject of your post.

*************************************

Your discussion questions, discussion responses, and Website summaries are graded on a point system. If you remember the following general guidelines, it will help you earn additional points on your discussion responses:

1. Teach us something

2. Make us think

3. Help us feel that we are a community of learning

4. Document your information

Finally - there are 2 fields you must complete each time you respond: the subject field and the comment field. Make sure that the subject you create gives us a good idea about what you are commenting on.

-this is in part based on the work of William Pelz, SUNY-Herkimer CC

Evaluation of the papers

Grade Characteristics

F: 0 points-paper which does any of these:

1. fails to address the topic

2. does not present any evidence to support the thesis affirmed;<

3. consists largely of unintelligible discourse

4. relies solely on the arguments of others.

D: .5 points-paper which is free of the aforementioned defects but which conspicuously and predominantly does any of these:

1. uses jargon, rhetorical questions, and emotive discourse;

2. misuses English to such an extent as to be incoherent, obscure or vague;

3. fails to adduce adequate reason to support the thesis which it affirms and fails to analyze terms adequately.

C: 1 point- paper free of the aforementioned but which is fundamentally any of these:

1. poorly organized;

2. fallaciously argued

B: 2 points- paper free of the aforementioned but which does either of these :

1. fails to express significant thought

2. includes many careless errors

A: 3 points - paper free of the aforementioned and which includes all these:

1. subtle analysis

2. rigorous argument

3. significant thought

Evaluation of the Case Studies

Each is worth one point. Either you get the credit or you do not. If you do not receive the full credit the work will be assessed with an explanation and you will have a chance to fix it and resubmit it. All students will be encouraged to get full credit for all eight cases.

 

FINAL GRADE

THIS IS DETERMINED BY THE TOTAL POINTS A STUDENT EARNS BY THE END OF THE SEMESTER.

Total points

Letter Grade

90 – 100

A

87 – 89

B+

83 – 88

B

80 – 82

B-

77 – 79

C+

73 – 76

C

70 – 72

C-

67 – 69

D+

63 –66

D

60 – 62

D-

LESS THAN 60

F

   

How to earn points- Maximum Values

totals

Discussion Participation 3 points each module TOTAL = 42

Written Essays or Questions/Papers 3 points each module TOTAL = 42

CASE STUDIES submitted in eight modules TOTAL = 16

MAXIMUM TOTAL FOR THE ENTIRE COURSE = 100

BONUS CULMINATING EXERCISES/SURVEYS = 5 added to previous total

 

 

 


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