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States of Ecstasy - John Yau
Carole A. Feuerman is a realist sculptor working in materials ranging from marble and bronze to vinyl and painted resins. Whether she is using ancient processes and materials or contemporary ones, her subject matter is the human figure, most often a woman in an introspective moment of exuberant self-consciousness shaded by erotic lassitude. Her exuberance is partially the result of rather ordinary circumstances; she has just stepped from the shower or is resting on an inner tube in a swimming pool.
From an art historical perspective, Feuerman is one of a small number of postwar sculptors who successfully shunned Minimalism in favor of the human figure. These sculptors faced a daunting challenge, which was how to make a freestanding sculpture of the human figure that didn't appear nostalgic, and that didn't look back to the heroic work of Rodin. The challenge is clear enough: how do you keep the figure intact without being wistful for that moment before Impression dissolved forms and Cubism shattered the world.
Feuerman shares something with John de Andrea, Duane Hanson, Marisol, and George Segal, other figural sculptors who thrived in the face of this challenge. The significant difference between Feuerman's life-like sculptures and those made by the sculptors I have just mentioned is twofold. First, her subjects are caught in a moment of transition that radiates an intense eroticism. Second, her figures seem capable of thought. They evoke an inward life, which invites the viewer's speculation as well as signals the distance between them and us. We can never know what they might be thinking. And that perhaps is the point.
Feuerman makes this state of seeing and not-knowing all the more complex by directing our attention to a moment that is both familiar and highly charged. In her work, the ordinary and elemental become extraordinary and highly charged. In Reflections (75" x 21" x 21", oil painted resin, 1985), a woman who has just stepped out of the shower is tying a bath towel around her hair. Her hands are above her head, which is tilted back, her eyes are closed, her back is arched, and droplets of water cascade down her skin. She is enjoying a reflective state of intense ecstasy. Water droplets are also prominent in Inner Tube (17" x 32" x 15", oil painted resins, 1984), Sunburn (38" x 17" x 13", oil painted resins, 1984), Snorkel (29" x 25" x 11.5". oil painted vinyl, 1994), and Lady Neptune (46" x 28" x 38", oil painted resin, 1997).
Made of clear resin, the cascading droplets enclose the women in a visceral sensuality, as well as convey that they have just stepped out of one world and into another. One's attention shifts between the body and the skin, the visual and the tactile. By introducing tactility into her subject matter, Feuerman enlarges the realm of experience associated with realist sculpture. They surpass the visual. In addition, the non-hierarchical relationship between the visual and tactile is one of Feuerman's original contributions to figurative sculpture. Feuerman's women are the most recent descendants of Botticelli's Venus. In counterpoint to Venus's modesty, these women, with the exception of the one titled Sunburn, savor their own bodies. Their erotic joy is both palpable and private. However much viewers may wish to peer or pry, the world they inhabit excludes us.
The ancient Greeks believed that the eyes were doorways to the soul. Many of the women either have their eyes closed or they are looking inward. We see their bodies, but not their souls. By having their eyes closed, Feuerman inflects a fundamental aspect of her sculptures; they exist in the same physical world as we do, but they are also removed from us. This inflection causes the viewer to become self-conscious; looking is framed as an act of voyeurism. However, while this voyeurism is one of the deepest currents in western art, male artists have largely defined it. One thinks of Degas' dancers, Bonnard's women reclining in the bathtub, Balthus' young women standing alone in a room.
Many of Feuerman's women are isolated figures entering a state of ecstasy. In doing so, they connect their inner world of memory and intense feelings with the outer world of the senses. In Reflections, we see a woman luxuriating in a state of elemental bliss; she is at home inside her body. This union is, of course, an ideal that is advocated by philosophies practiced in both the East and West. It is a state integral to meditation, for example. What distinguishes the states of ecstasy the viewer encounters in Feuerman's sculptures is the conjunction of subject matter and circumstance. A woman has just finished showering; another rests on an inner tube, her eyes closed. Feuerman links ecstasy's transcendent state with familiar circumstances, which suggests that anyone can achieve this condition.
As the late David Bourdon wrote, "Feuerman's technical proficiency is formidable." What makes it all the more powerful is that everything she does is in service of the figure; all her attention is devoted to achieving verisimilitude. The works are mirrors, but, like the mirror one encounters in fairytales and myths, they reveal a deeper truth about us. In challenging viewers to recognize their own potential for bliss and ecstasy, Feuerman's sculptures go against the grain of much postwar art, its initial emphasis on irony, alienation, despair, and pure opticality. And, in these anti-humanist, postmodern times, her sensual, self-satisfied figures become both more of an anomaly and, as I see it, even more necessary. Feuerman's women offer a stunning counterpoint to those who believe all experience has been emptied of meaning. As her work makes abundantly evident, we don't all live in the simulacrum, the world of the Matrix.
To Your Health and Good Fortune (46" x 28" x 38", oil pained resin, 1992) is a sculpture of a woman seated on a padded bench. Dressed in a red sweater, black skirt, dark nylons and high heels, she is lifting her glass and glancing down. In contrast to Reflections and Inner Tube, where the figure is essentially alone, this woman is acknowledging someone else. It is a social situation that is simultaneously complete and incomplete. Who is she toasting? And what is she thinking? It is impossible to tell whether or not the inner and outer worlds are connected or disconnected.
An astute observer of our public and private gestures, Feuerman has made a sculpture that does not culminate in a punch line. This is what distinguishes her work from the largely expressionless faces of Duane Hanson's four figures. Her work inhabits time, as well as recognizes that time is passing. Because we cannot ever know the story the woman in the red sweater inhabits, we must complete a narrative that defers closure. Is the figure she is toasting diminutive? The angle of her glance suggests this as a possibility. And yet, might not this view of her just be a projection on our part? Perhaps she is alone and toasting no one. That Feuerman can include such radically incommensurable narratives in a single piece is a testament to the clarity of her vision. In an age where eroticism of any kind is regarded as a threat, Feuerman challenges us to rethink the way we understand our own physical bodies. Can we become sensual, self-satisfied beings in touch with the elements, with water, sun, earth, and air? Or must we leave our bodies behind?
Its disciplined shape suggests the containment of those broad physical impulses that generated it. Yet in another provocative materiality, its rough surface gives evidence of being worked over, having weathered experience, and being penetrable, while roughly textured it is also a firm shell, a protection. These are experienced bodies, informed by art history and the artist's hand and suggesting vicissitudes of personal history.
A world view incorporating past and present, evident in Feuerman's figurative sculpture, has also taken form in recent years in sculptures suggesting shattered globes. Using her chance operation of loosely casting sand molds, Feuerman produced two hemispheres for each. The irregular edges of these deep, wide bowls made of a thin shell of gnarled metal were then aligned, concavity to concavity, to form open, punctured, spheres. Here the sense of an intensely experienced body extends to that of the world. The series was begun before the devastation of 9-11, while Still Standing (2001) was made on that day in an effort to move her studio crew away from absorption of the tragedy on television. Its gaping opening between the two sections, and holes within each, reveal inside a few bricks and stone-like elements as if settled at the bottom after an explosion. These works evoke an attempt to put the world back together, while acknowledging qualities of age, wear, and brokenness.
With her transition from a primary material of cast resin or resin and marble to cast streams of bronze, Feuerman has intensified her sculptural object's signs of physical and emotional expressiveness. The critic Donald Kuspit has remarked, "Some sculpture seems untouchable, other sculpture seems to imply the passionate embrace of material." Feuerman's innovative bronze sculpture manifests the latter engagement with both sculptural process and matter. Her move from explicit figuration to syntheses of representation and abstraction in fragmented and broken shapes invest these works with provocative allusiveness. Feuerman's sculptures structural strength and tactile intricacy display a dyad of fortitude and vulnerability particularly meaningful to our time.
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